
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X11. Additional results: linear probability model.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A30)</td><td>Min. (model A31)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A32)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A33)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-0.009</td><td>-0.002</td><td>0.003<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.007)</td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.002<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-0.010<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.001</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.010</td><td>0.006</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.016)</td><td>(0.007)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.003</td><td>0.003</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.0001</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.002</td><td>0.012<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.005)</td><td>(0.004)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.004<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.003<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.002<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.0003</td><td>0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.002<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.0003<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.0003<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.0003<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0001)</td><td>(0.0001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.00005</td><td>0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.0005<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.00000</td><td>-0.00000</td><td>-0.00000</td><td>-0.00000</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.00001)</td><td>(0.00000)</td><td>(0.00000)</td><td>(0.00000)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.008</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0004</td><td>0.0004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.007)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.001</td><td>0.0003</td><td>-0.0001</td><td>-0.0001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.002<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.0001</td><td>-0.0001</td><td>-0.0001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0001)</td><td>(0.0001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.005<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.001</td><td>-0.0003</td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>-0.004</td><td>-0.006<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.0002</td><td>0.0003</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.009)</td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.003</td><td>0.003</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.012)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.006<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0004</td><td>0.0002</td><td>0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.010<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.0001<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0001)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.00001<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.00000<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.00000)</td><td>(0.00000)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.020</td><td>0.007<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.004)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.00003<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.00004<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.00001)</td><td>(0.00001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.00000<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.00000<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.00000)</td><td>(0.00000)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.007<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.007<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.004)</td><td>(0.004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>0.105<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.033<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.007<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.008<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.037)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>152,377</td><td>203,208</td><td>203,208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">R<sup>2</sup></td><td>0.034</td><td>0.013</td><td>0.005</td><td>0.005</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Adjusted R<sup>2</sup></td><td>0.032</td><td>0.013</td><td>0.005</td><td>0.005</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Residual Std. Error</td><td>0.096 (df = 26027)</td><td>0.044 (df = 152322)</td><td>0.036 (df = 203149)</td><td>0.036 (df = 203148)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">F Statistic</td><td>16.741<sup>***</sup> (df = 54; 26027)</td><td>37.354<sup>***</sup> (df = 54; 152322)</td><td>19.062<sup>***</sup> (df = 58; 203149)</td><td>18.976<sup>***</sup> (df = 59; 203148)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
